. Accordingly, it provides a convenient benchmark for the evaluation of the welfare effectiveness of other well known tariff reform … sources of the potential welfare gains from tariff reform, use it to establish conditions under which some existing reforms … are locally optimal, provide geometric illustrations and compare welfare effectiveness of reforms using numerical examples …

According to the literature, well known tariff reform rules that are guaranteed to increase welfare will not … welfare. Such conflict between welfare and market access objectives of trade policy is problematic and calls for finding … consumer welfare will always be weakly compatible, in the sense that reforms based on each objective have the same signed …

sectors, affect sector-specific wages, employment levels and aggregate welfare in a two-country model of general oligopolistic … aggregate welfare are affected differently by the two types of globalisation. Trade cost reductions in open sectors always lead … to higher union wage premia and to lower aggregate welfare, while an increased number of open sectors lowers the union …