candidate is expectations: what people expect could affect how they feel about what actually occurs. In a real-effort experiment …, we manipulate the rational expectations of subjects and check whether this manipulation influences their effort provision …-based reference-dependent preferences: if expectations are high, subjects work longer and earn more money than if expectations are low. …

This paper provides novel evidence on exchange rate expectations of both chartists and fundamentalists separately …. These groups indeed form expectations differently. Chartists change their expectations more often; however, all … professionals’ expectations vary considerably as they generally follow strong exchange rate trends. In line with non-linear exchange …

developments elsewhere on the periphery of Europe, in Greece, Ireland, and Portugal. In some ways, however, Iceland resembles Italy …