federalism in which centralization is less likely to occur where budget referendums are possible. The reason for this result is … that budget referendums reduce the extent to which pro-centralization regions can commit to a low level of spending … delegating the centralization choice to elected poli-cymakers. In addition, it reduces the ability of higher level policy …

government electoral strength and both expenditure and revenue centralization emerges as negative and non-linear. …

exposed to electoral uncertainty. We show that centralization may, but need not, result in a loss of electoral accountability …. We identify an important asymmetry between positive and negative externalities and show that centralization may not be … efficient in economies with positive externalities even when regions are identical and centralization does not entail a loss of …

decentralization to centralization can affect both the number and the type of lobbies. Under decentralization, if lobbies form they … will always have an effect on policy decision. Under centralization, if lobbies form, lobby competition may completely …

standard-setting with two means of interventionist harmonization: through centralization and through allocation of lawmaking …

-agent framework, it analyzes two alternative policy-decision schemes—‘decentralization’ and ‘centralization’—when ‘knowledge’ consists …