exposure to violence substantially increases present bias – choice of the smaller, immediate reward over the larger, later … mitigates the differences in behavior between those who were exposed to violence and those who were not. Our findings suggest … patient choices and mitigate the elevated impulsivity of individuals that have experienced violence. We measure our treatment …

marginal cost of violence always reduces violence, while increasing the indiscriminate fixed cost may backfire and result in …

This paper isolates the causal effect of policing on group violence, using unique panel data on self-reported crime by … soccer and ice hockey hooligans. The problem of reverse causality from violence to policing is solved by two drastic … violence increased dramatically during these periods. …

The interplay between religion and the economy has occupied social scientists for long. We construct a unique panel of … doubt on causal interpretations of the religion-economy nexus in Prussian secularization. …

institution embedded in the Voodoo religion and a recent secular institution in the form of fishing committees. Using household …