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Kessler, Judd; Leider, Stephen G. - CESifo - 2013

A large and growing literature has demonstrated that explicit incentives, such as enforceable contracts, can lead agents to withhold effort. We investigate when this behavioral result arises. In an extensive laboratory experiment, we find that imposing control through an enforceable contract is...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010636595

Evidence on the Political Principal-Agent Problem from Voting on Public Finance for Concert Halls

Potrafke, Niklas - CESifo - 2013

Principal-agent problems can arise when preferences of voters are not aligned with preferences of political representatives. Often the consequence of the political principal-agent problem is political catering to special interests. In this paper I provide examples of principal-agent problems...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010877857

The Effect of Labor Migration on the Diffusion of Democracy: Evidence from a Former Soviet Republic

Mahmoud, Toman Omar; Rapoport, Hillel; Steinmayr, Andreas; … - CESifo - 2013

Migration contributes to the circulation of goods, knowledge, and ideas. Using community and individual-level data from Moldova, we show that the emigration episode that started in the late 1990s strongly affected political preferences and electoral outcomes in Moldova during the following...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010693475

Private Provision of Public Goods and Information Diffusion in Social Groups

Scharf, Kimberley Ann - CESifo - 2013

We describe a dynamic model of costly information sharing, where private information affecting collective-value actions is transmitted by social proximity. Individuals make voluntary contributions towards the provision of a pure public good, and information transmission about quality of...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010718527

A Panel Data Study of Physicians’ Labor Supply: The Case of Norway

Baltagi, Badi H.; Bratberg, Espen; Holmås, Tor Helge - CESifo - 2003

Physicians are key personnel in a sector which is important due to its size as well as the quality of service it … provides. We estimate the labor supply of physicians employed at hospitals in Norway, using personnel register data merged with … other public records. A dynamic labor supply equation is estimated using a sample of 1303 physicians observed over the …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005766301

A Probability Approach to Pharmaceutical Demand and Price Setting: Does the Identity of the Third-Party Payer Mattersfor Prescribing Doctors?

Dalen, Dag Morten; Locatelli, Marilena; Sorisio, Enrico; … - CESifo - 2011

structural model for the three drugs, covering demand and price setting, is estimated in a joint maximum likelihood approach. We …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009371358

Choosing among Competing Blockbusters: Does the Identity of the Third-Party Payer Matter for Prescribing Doctors?

Dalen, Dag Morten; Sorisio, Enrico; Strøm, Steinar - CESifo - 2010

TNF-alpha inhibitors represent one of the most important areas of biopharmaceuticals by sales, with three blockbusters accounting for 8 % of total pharmaceutical sale in Norway. With use of a unique natural policy experiment in Norway, this paper examines to what extent the identity of the...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008727300

Reference Pricing, Competition, and Pharmaceutical Expenditures: Theory and Evidence from a Natural Experiment

Brekke, Kurt R.; Holmås, Tor Helge; Straume, Odd Rune - CESifo - 2010

We study the impact of regulation on competition between brand-names and generics and pharmaceutical expenditures using a unique policy experiment in Norway, where reference pricing (RP) replaced price cap regulation in 2003 for a sub-sample of off-patent products. First, we construct a vertical...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008799730

Margins and Market Shares: Pharmacy Incentives for Generic Substitution

Brekke, Kurt R.; Holmås, Tor Helge; Straume, Odd Rune - CESifo - 2012

generics and their market shares. This relationship is stronger for pharmaceuticals under reference pricing rather than …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010603857

Is Medicines Parallel Trade ‘Regulatory Arbitrage’?

Costa-i-Font, Joan - CESifo - 2015

In the European Union, medicines are regulated products subject to both single market (e.g., regional exhaustion of property rights) and country specific health care regulations (e.g., medicines pricing and distribution regulation). This gives rise to parallel trade (PT), a phenomenon that takes...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011274346