about 40,000 observations on trade flows within and across the borders of Germany over the period 1885 – 1933, I explore the … geography of trade costs across Central Europe. There are three key results. First, the German Empire before 1914 was a poorly … barriers that divided Germany along natural trade routes into eastern and western parts. Third, internal integration improved …

A large literature on “border effects” in the wake of McCallum (1995) documents the massive impact of borders on trade …-sectional variation alone. We do not know how trade would change in response to a change in borders – the “treatment effect” of borders on … trade – simply because trade flows across “future” borders are typically not documented. Nor can we rule out that there is …

Lumpiness of production factors within a country might overturn the predictions for the structure of trade by the … factor-abundance (HO) model. Trade patterns, as predicted by this model, can both be magnified or reversed by uneven … factors and as a consequence different patterns of urbanization between countries might cause trade patterns to differ from HO …

, trade is more sensitive to trade costs if the exporting country only provides a small share of the destination country …’s imports. As a result, trade costs have a heterogeneous impact across country pairs, with some trade flows predicted to be zero …

This paper reviews the most significant recent developments in the theory of trade agreements. The paper offers an … integrated approach to evaluating trade agreements, and uses the approach to present results on preferential and multilateral … trade agreements. The paper identifies also several questions for further research. …

This article presents a Ricardian model of trade with learning-by-doing to study the effect of barriers to trade in …

We develop a new model of trade in which educational institutions drive comparative advantage and determine the … support of human capital choices to demonstrate that freer trade can induce crowding out of the middle occupations towards the … gains from trade may be non-monotonic in workers’ ability, and middle ability agents can lose the most from trade …

We exploit Japan’s 19th century move from autarky to free trade to provide the first test of the general validity of … a single refutable prediction on the economy’s factor content of trade. Our test combines factor price data from Japan …’s late autarky period with Japan’s factor content of trade calculated with the technologies of the country of origin of …

We propose a normative assessment of the value of international trade that is rooted in production theory and embeds … Ricardo’s 1817 formulation of the gains from trade into a multi-factor general equilibrium framework. Without imposing strong … the magnitude and the sources of the gains from trade. A high quality data set on product and task-specific factor …