We study the relationship between participation in free trade agreements (FTAs) and the sustainability of democracy … of regionalism and of worldwide democratization since the late 1980s. …

We analyze the influence of IMF and World Bank programs on political regime transitions. We develop an extended version … have taken place. We test this unexplored implication of the theory empirically. We find in a world sample from 1970 to … probability of a transition from autocracy to democracy and reduces the probability of democratic survival. …

yields economically plausible and statistically significant estimates of the declining effect of “national borders” on world …

fixed world prices. We show that a change of tariffs satisfying reciprocity does not necessarily imply constant world prices … in a world of many goods and countries. While it is possible to find tariff reforms that are consistent with both … reciprocity and constant world prices, these reforms do not follow from the reciprocity condition, but rather from the requirement …

establishing political democracy and human rights in key countries. In response, the EU increased the emphasis in the ENP on … supporting the democratization process in the Barcelona countries and on negotiating deep and comprehensive free trade agreements …