renewables, implying that the most salient feature of the last 200 years of energy history is the dramatic rise in the use of …We develop a spatial model of energy exploitation where energy sources are differentiated by their geographic location … and energy density. The spatial setting creates a scaling law that magnifies the importance of differences across energy …

energy). Subsidizing renewables to just below the cost of coal does not affect the oil-only phase. The gain in green welfare … the following coal-only phase, and a flat carbon tax during the final renewables-only phase. The “laissez-faire” outcome … carbon tax a prohibitive coal tax leads to less oil left in situ and substantially delays introduction of renewables, but …

Optimal climate policy is studied. Coal, the abundant resource, contributes more CO2 per unit of energy than the … substantially. Subsidizing renewables to just below the cost of coal does not affect the oil-only phase. The gain in green welfare …

followed the Grenelle de l’environnement encompass policy measures in energy generation, manufacturing, transport, waste …

We analyse optimal environmental policies in a market that is vertically differentiated in terms of the energy … efficiency of products. Considering energy taxes, subsidies to firms for investment in more eco-friendly products, and product … policy instruments. Surprisingly, we find that an industry-friendly government levies an energy tax to supplement a lax …

A small open economy produces a consumer good, green and black energy, and imports fossil fuel at an uncertain price … risk, to risk shifting and the uniform price for both types of energy. Under the plausible assumptions that consumers are … prudent and at least as risk averse as the producers of black energy, the risk can be efficiently managed by taxing emissions …

development, characterized by the role of fossil fuels and by the progressive dominance of those with a higher energy and density … countries, compatible with the sustainability of the processes concerning the Earth system. Mainly by focusing on the energy …