effectiveness, with a special emphasis on: how to impose a unique carbon price in the aftermath of the rejection of the carbon tax …

This paper evaluates whether macroeconomic uncertainty changes the impact of oil shocks on the oil price. Using a … production volatility, significantly increases the responsiveness of oil prices to oil shocks. This implies a lower price …, varying uncertainty about the macroeconomy can explain time variation in the oil price elasticity and hence in oil price …

absence of price-based sales contracts means that fixed costs are directly relevant to donors, and that they can translate …