the direction of potential causality between financial and economic development. Our results conclude to the existence of … a single cointegrating vector between financial development and growth and of causality going from financial development … to economic growth. We find little evidence of reverse causation as well as bi-directional causality. We interpret this …

In this paper we perform an empirical analysis to investigate the impact of socio-economic heterogeneity on electoral … results suggest that increased ethnic heterogeneity and reduced social pressure tend to depress turnout. …

according to the impact of the oil price shock on the overall price level. While cross–country heterogeneity in the short …–run pass–through can be attributed to different weights of energy items in the consumption basket, heterogeneity in the medium …

that the Friedman rule is not in general optimal. The results are due to the existence of another source of heterogeneity … differences in earning ability were the only source of heterogeneity, the fiscal authority would be able to neutralize the effects …

Europe’s monetary union is part of a broader process of integration that started in the aftermath of World War II. In …

This paper investigates how heterogeneity in contestants’ investment costs affects the competition intensity in a …

This paper examines heterogeneity in exchange rate expectations. Whereas agents’ heterogeneity is key in modern … exchange rate models, evidence on determinants of heterogeneity is weak so far. Our sample, covering expectations from about … heterogeneity. The risk premium influences heterogeneity as well, but possible impacts from macroeconomic variables and exchange …