surprising miracle occurred the leaver nations are alleged to have enjoyed a burst of real growth and a decline in unemployment … pronounced if it were not for quiescent wage rates, which the paper attributes to high unemployment. The absence of any …

European unemployment is widely regarded as a problem of excessive real wages. This view as it is usually expressed …

European unemployment has been steadily increasing for the last 15 years and is …equilibrium unemployment. We then confront the theory to both the detailed facts of …insiders and firms, shocks which affect actual unemployment tend also to affect …

labor markets. We find that workers age 62 to 69 are responsive to the unemployment rate and to long-run fluctuations in … the rising unemployment rate will be almost 50 percent larger than the decrease in retirement brought about by the stock …

How have labor market institutions and welfare-state transfers affected jobs and productivity in Western Europe …, relative to industrialized Pacific Rim countries? Orthodox criticisms of European government institutions are right in some … have had in the 1960s and 1970s. Similarly, other institutions closer to the core of the welfare state have caused no net …

In the 1970s, European unemployment started increasing. It increased further in the 1980s, to reach a plateau in the … 1990s. It is still high today, although the average unemployment rate hides a high degree of heterogeneity across countries …. The focus of researchers and policy makers was initially on the role of shocks. As unemployment remained high, the focus …

relations have experienced higher unemployment. This conclusion remains even after controlling for labor institutions …In countries where wages are primarily set by collective bargaining, the effects on unemployment of changes in the … relations. In this paper, we examine the role this quality of labor relations has played in the evolution of unemployment across …