By using their financial reserves efficiently, pension funds can smooth shocks on assetreturns, and can thus facilitate intergenerational risk-sharing. In addition to the primarybenefit of improved time diversification, this form of risk allocation affords the additionalbenefit of allowing these...

A popular argument states that most of the diversification in a portfolio can be obtained with a rather small number of securities. In this paper we present three algorithms to approach the underlying NP-hard problem of portfolio optimization with a cardinality constraint. All three of these...