constructed to answer this question. A union monitors establishments in an industry to learn about their productivity, and decides …

This paper studies the long-term effect of hedge fund activism on the productivity of target firms using plant … and expected returns, we show how changes to target firms’ productivity are associated with a decline in systemic risk …

, controlling form size, productivity, time and type of R&D. Company size and company productivity as well as time do not lean the …

total factor productivity. I examine plant-level data and show that some industries experience countercyclical reallocations … produce less of the total output, but during expansions they produce more. These reallocations cause overall productivity to … rise during recessions, and do not reflect the actual path of productivity of a representative firm over the course of the …

-level total factor productivity for a large number of plants. We characterize time series properties of plant-level idiosyncratic … shocks to productivity, taking into account aggregate manufacturing-sector shocks and industry-level shocks. Plant … volatility of the idiosyncratic plant-level shocks to those of aggregate productivity shocks estimated from aggregate data. We …

addition to "productivity", firms are also heterogeneous in their "caliber" {the ability to produce quality using fewer fixed … inputs. Compared to singleattribute models of firm heterogeneity emphasizing either productivity or the ability to produce …