This paper proposes a theoretical monetary model to inquire as to whether the growth and decline in barter transactions between firms in Russia during the 1990s was the result of credit rationing or firms' optimal decision. The model also provides an explanation for the negative correlations...

This paper sets up a model to inquire into whether the rise and fall in barter transactions in Russia and other CIS countries during the 1990’s was an involuntary decision resulting from credit rationing or the consequence of firms’ optimal choice. We find that the transmission mechanism of...

This paper develops a general equilibrium model and proposes a theory to explain the main stylized facts about the growth of barter transactions in Russia during the 1990s. Because of the high opportunity cost of using fiat money, with a tight enough credit market it may be optimal for firms to...