supplying liquidity to asynchronously arriving investors. Empirically, twelve years of daily New York Stock Exchange …

Algorithmic trading has sharply increased over the past decade. Equity market liquidity has improved as well. Are the … the associations between liquidity and message traffic. Based on within-stock variation, we find that algorithmic trading … and liquidity are positively related. To sort out causality, we use the start of autoquoting on the NYSE as an exogenous …