The purpose of this paper is to investigate what affected the post-crisis exchange rates of three ASEAN countries: Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia. Our critical departure from previous studies is the use of intra-daily exchange rates. The use of the intra-daily data is useful in removing...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate what affected the post-crisis exchange rates of five East Asian countries: Singapore, Thailand, Korea, Taiwan, and Malaysia. Based on intra-daily observations, we examine how and when these five East Asian currencies changed their correlations with the...

‘Abenomics' refers to a new unconventional economic policy regime in Japan since late 2012. It consists of the three arrows: unconventional monetary policy (the first arrow), expansionary fiscal policy (the second arrow), and economic growth strategies to encourage private investment (the...

In this paper, we explore whether unconventional monetary policy in Japan had a negative spillover effect on the rest of the world. After Prime Minister Abe advocated the new policy regime, the Japanese yen depreciated substantially which raised a concern that it would have a beggar-thy-neighbor...

The purpose of this paper is to explain why Japan's fiscal deficit increased so dramatically in the 1990s and the 2000s. We focus on the role of "stock price targeting" to explain why the fiscal expenditure increased so much. After presenting a simple model to describe government behavior with...

The Japanese economy experienced prolonged recessions during the 1990s and the 2000s. Until the early 2000s, evergreen lending to "zombie firms" had distorted market discipline in terms of stabilizing the Japanese economy. A majority of the "zombie" firms recovered during the first half of the...

In many countries, the monetary policy instrument sometimes remains unchanged for a long period and shows infrequent responses to exogenous shocks. The purpose of this paper is to provide a new explanation on why the central bank's policy instrument remains unchanged. In the analysis, we explore...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate why the choice of invoice currency under exchange rate uncertainty depends not only on expectations but also on history. The analysis is motivated by the fact that the U.S. dollar has historically been the dominant vehicle currency in developing...

A "shock therapy" might have different impacts between large and small firms. In this paper, we focus on the clients of two large failed Japanese banks - the Long-term Credit Bank of Japan (LTCB) and the Nippon Credit Bank (NCB). We first show that subsequent events after the bank failures...

Under the financial turbulence, the Bank of Japan (BOJ) had launched a series of unprecedented monetary policies in the late 1990s and the early 2000s. The conventional monetary policies were not effective under liquidity trap. However, some unconventional monetary policies, including zero...