Polarization measures, that are used in examining the empirical relationship between ethnic divisions and violent … ethnic groups. In this paper we construct two new measures of polarization, one that accounts for differences in linguistic … able to better identify the effect of ethnolinguistic polarization on the civil conflict in the country. We find that, for …

polarization, a threat of secession cannot be eliminated without interregional transfers. We also demonstrate that, if majority … voting is used to determine the redistribution schemes within the country, then a high degree of polarization yields the full …

) encompasses both diversity and polarization, and (ii) accounts for the distance between lanuguages. Our results suggest that … linguistic diversity is a better predictor of redistribution than linguistic polarization. We also find that incorporating …

credible secession threats by regions of the country. Severity of internal tension has been linked to degree of polarization of … citizens' preferences and characteristics. We show that the increasing degree of polarization does not, in general, raise the … number and the degree of the country polarization. …