Abstract Objectives. This paper describes the methodology for estimating the present value of lifetime earnings (PVLE) for the year 2000. Methods. Estimation takes into account life expectancy by gender and age group, percent of people in the labor force or keeping house, current pattern of...

More than 320 million people in China smoke, which accounts for nearly one-third of all the smokers in the world. Almost two-thirds of adult Chinese men are smokers. On the other hand, tobacco production is a state-run enterprise that provides substantial earnings and tax revenue for the...