In this memorandum a number of frequently asked questions are answered about oil and the world economy In July 2007 the memorandum of December 2004 was updated.

Decomposition of CO2 data of the Netherlands shows that much progress has been made with reduction of CO2 emissions by changing to less CO2 intensive technologies. Moreover, demand shifted to products that are produced with less CO2 emission. Further, shifts in the inputs needed in the...

The Dutch Minister of Economic Affairs has proposed to replace the currently implemented structure of legal unbundling of the energy distribution industry by ownership unbundling. In this study we analyse the costs and benefits of this proposal. We compare the proposal to the current...

As distributed generation (DG) continues to expand, larger low-voltage networks will be required in the future. However, regulated distribution network operators (DNOs) need to invest in new infrastructure without knowing a relevant determinant of network costs, the future amount of DG. Due to...

A renewable obligation combined with tradable renewable energy certificates is a market-based instrument used to promote the production of electricity from renewable energy sources. A renewable obligation is an alternative for subsidies. A renewable obligation will only be an efficient...

A simple model of “hourglass†problems is presented. For such problems, the benefit of a national policy measure is propagated to all countries through one single world-wide variable.<span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: small;">The prime example is the effect of the reduction of CO</span></span><span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: xx-small;">2 </span></span><span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: small;">emission on the world climate.</span></span><span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: small;">Five </span></span><span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: small;">optimal...</span></span>

The coming energy transition in residential neighbourhoods in the Netherlands is the result of the increasing cost of CO2 emission and the decreasing costs of solar PhotoVoltaics (PV) and alternative techniques of residential heating, namely Combined Heat and Power (CHP) and heat pump. The...

This study assesses the role of feed-in tariffs (FITs) and renewable energy certificates (RECs) in creating incentives for cross-border investments and for investments in particular technological portfolios via M&A. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="color: #000000;">The analysis explores the dataset on M&As in alternative energy sources...</span></span>

This report analyses the effects of Depreciation at Will (DAW) on offshore gas production, government budget and employment in the gas industry. The DAW enables firms to accelerate deprecation of investments in platforms and other offshore equipment. The interest advantage due to the postponed...