This paper reviews options of labour market-modelling in a CGE framework. On the labour-supply side, two principal modelling options are distinguished and discussed: aggregated, representative households and microsimulation based on individual household data.On the labour-demand side, we focus...

This paper describes a labour market extension for the CGE model "WorldScan". The labour market module features endogenous labour supply at two margins: participation and hours of work. Involuntary unemployment is captured through a collective bargaining ("right to manage") set-up. The paper...

The cost and effectiveness of climate policy in Europe depend on the international post-2012 climate regime. Crucial are the stringency of the policy and the size of the climate coalition, e.g. the willingness of regions outside Europe to implement a climate policy. This report analyzes four...

The increasing importance of global supply chains has prompted the use of analytical tools based on trade in value added – instead of traditional measures in gross value. We extend this analytical framework to create indicators that identify hubs and spokes in international supply...

In response to the challenge of managing the risks of a changing climate, there is no single optimal transition path for energy technology due to uncertainty in several dimensions. In this paper, we use the MERGE model, a long-term optimization model of the global energy and climate systems...

A consequence of melting Arctic ice caps is the commercial viability of the Northern Sea Route, connecting North-East Asia with North-Western Europe. This will represent a sizeable reduction in shipping distances and a decrease in the average transportation days by around one-third compared to...