study for a cohort of students in Germany. Using detailed survey data, and employing an instrumental variable strategy based … on variation in the local field of study availability, we provide evidence that students who are not enrolled in their … impact on dropout is particularly strong among students of low socio-economic status and is driven by lower academic …

It is well established that female students perform better when taught by female professors. However, little is known …, but are absent in larger classes. These results suggest that direct and frequent interactions between students and … sufficient to increase performance of female students. …