For many years, bus and railway companies in regional areas in Japan have been struggling to stop decreases in passenger numbers. Although motorization and the construction of road networks have caused declining ridership in public transportation, deregulation in the transportation industry has...

This paper carries out a systematic analysis of the components of the Spanish urban and metropolitan public transportation system, taking into account different representative urban areas. It aims at providing an overall image and, with this purpose, it sets the roles played by the various...