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Industrial Energy from Water-Mills in the European Economy, Fifth to Eighteenth Centuries: the Limitations of Power
Munro, John - University of Toronto, Department of Economics - 2001
The water-mill, though known in the Roman Empire from the second century BCE, did not come to enjoy any widespread use until the 4 th or 5 th centuries CE, and then chiefly in the West, which was then experiencing not only a rapid decline in the supply of slaves, but also widespread...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005704737
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The Protection of Innovations
Atallah, Gamal - Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Analyse des … - 2004
higher levels of innovation and lower levels of secrecy. An increase in the size of the market, a reduction in the cost of … produits est associé avec davantage d'innovation et moins de protection. Une augmentation dans la taille du marché, une …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005169003
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Vertical R&D Spillovers, Cooperation, Market Structure, and Innovation
Atallah, Gamal - Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Analyse des … - 2000
are taken into account. The paper proposes a theory of innovation and market structure, showing that the relation between … innovation and competition depends on horizontal spillovers, vertical spillovers, and cooperative settings. The private … coopération verticale. Le papier propose une théorie reliant le degré d'innovation à la structure du marché: la relation entre la …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005273027
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Innovative Efforts as Determinants of Export Performance: The Case of Specialized Suppliers
Bourgault, Mario; Lefebvre, Élisabeth; Lefebvre, Louis A. - Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Analyse des … - 1995
This paper presents empirical evidence on the relationship between innovative efforts and performance on international markets for the specific case of small firms acting as specialized suppliers. In addition to tangible efforts such as R&D expenditures, intangible efforts are also considered....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005627168
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Management Matters
Alexopoulos, Michelle; Tombe, Trevor - University of Toronto, Department of Economics - 2010
New indications of managerial innovations are created and then used to show that changes in organizational technologies are an important source of economic growth. Specifically, the analysis demonstrates that, first, in response to a positive managerial technology shock, output, productivity and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008553220
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Evaluation of researchers : a life cycle analysis of German academic economists
Rauber, Michael (contributor);  … - 2006
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003407983
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Tax Incentives: Issue and Evidence
Mohnen, Pierre - Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Analyse des … - 1999
This paper discusses the issue of R&D tax incentives: why these incentives?, what are their modalities?, their pros and cons?, are they effective? and are there alternatives to R&D tax incentives? Cet article fait le point sur l'utilité des incitations fiscales à la recherche-développement:...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005100743
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Learning Conditions in the Context of R&D and Development Projects: Empirical Evidence from a Research Centre
Bourgault, Mario; Sicotte, Hélène - Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Analyse des … - 1998
Today's changing environment is bringing about a major transformation of the way organizations operate. Most of the discussion about such evolving environment focuses on the necessity for organizations to continuously renew their stock of knowledge and competencies. This renewal takes place...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005627154
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The West European Woollen Industries and their Struggles for International Markets, c.1000 - 1500
Munro, John H. - University of Toronto, Department of Economics - 2000
Although this paper is, ostensibly, a macro- and micro-economic historical study of competition in the West European woollen textile ind ustries, in France, the Low Countries, England, Italy, and Iberia (Catalonia and Aragon), and of their related wool and cloth trades, covering all of Europe...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005704815
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Wages Equal Productivity. Fact or Fiction?
Biesebroeck, Johannes Van - University of Toronto, Department of Economics - 2007
If labor markets operated entirely frictionless, productivity premiums associated with different worker characteristics would equal the wage premiums earned by workers possessing those characteristics. Using matched employer-employee data from the manufacturing sector of three sub-Saharan...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005704833