include measures of innovation outcomes as well as variables related to innovation effort. The main indicator of innovation … outputs is patents. The main variables related to innovation inputs are investment in research and development (R&D) and … of innovation outputs and inputs by looking at the over-time behavior of the relevant series and comparing the …

A functional review by the World Bank of Romania's research, development and innovation (RD&I) sector has been … World Bank Higher Education Review team and the EC's DG Research and Innovation -- presents observations and recommendations …

higher levels of innovation and lower levels of secrecy. An increase in the size of the market, a reduction in the cost of … produits est associé avec davantage d'innovation et moins de protection. Une augmentation dans la taille du marché, une …

are taken into account. The paper proposes a theory of innovation and market structure, showing that the relation between … innovation and competition depends on horizontal spillovers, vertical spillovers, and cooperative settings. The private … coopération verticale. Le papier propose une théorie reliant le degré d'innovation à la structure du marché: la relation entre la …

"Using a new global data base on patents and innovation inputs, the authors examine the process of knowledge creation … developing countries by testing for the impact of measures of the functioning of the national innovation system-the set of …