There exists no formal treatment of non-renewable resource (NRR) supply, systematically deriving quantity as function of price. We establish instantaneous restricted (fixed reserves) and unrestricted NRR supply functions. The supply of a NRR at any date and location not only depends on the local...

The interaction of supply and demand is at the root of market and other equilibria. Yet no systematic synthetic treatment of non-renewable resource supply exists; equilibrium analyses or welfare statements usually are formulated without any systematic decomposition into supply and demand. In...

This paper focuses on the disparity between willingness-to-pay and willingness-to-accept indices in nonmarket valuation. The substitution effect makes agents value net losses higher than opportunity losses. In regard to net losses, we show that imperfect substitutability respectively induces...