that distance plays an important role in the determination of the effort level. However, it is not simply a cultural or … geographical but a more complex notion labelled perceived distance. IT played an interesting role in the determination of effort …. It facilitated a higher formalization of the information exchanged and mitigated the impact of geographical distance on …

China's Customs Statistics, we examine the impact of oil prices on trade's sensitivity to distance. We find that higher oil … prices increase trade's elasticity to distance, but that the economic effect is small. We also find that the effect is more …