L'organisation de l'UEM repose sur plusieurs principes: l'independance de la Banque central a la quelle on affecte l'objectif d'inflation, l'absence de coordination des politiques budgetaires entre elles et avec la politique monataire, enfin l'encadrement de la politique budgetaire par des...

Le premier objectif de l'etude est de mettre en evidence les reseaux regionaux du commerce international, en mesurant la "proximite commerciale" entre les pays. Les coefficients d'intensite relatives bilaterales des echanges permettent une telle mesure. Ils comparent chaqueflux bilateral observe...

GeoDist makes available the exhaustive set of gravity variables used in Mayer and Zignago (2005). GeoDist provides several geographical variables, in particular bilateral distances measured using citylevel data to assess the geographic distribution of population inside each nation. We have...

Since the global crisis, China's foreign trade is no longer driven by its involvement in the global supply chains (i.e. by processing trade) but its dynamics stems from China’s own domestic demand and supply. For foreign funded enterprises, China is less and less a production base for export...

Competitiveness has come to the forefront of the policy debate within the European Union, focusing on price competitiveness and intra-EU imbalances. But how to measure competitiveness properly, beyond price or cost competitiveness, remains an open methodological issue; and how can we explain the...