We estimate the degree of trade integration among Brazilian states and calculate the magnitude of the Brazilian states' engagement in international trade in the years 1991, 1997, 1998 and 1999 using the methodology of border effects. We show that the Brazilian market is rather highly fragmented...

Ten countries in Central and Eastern Europe have applied for EU membership and five of them (Estonia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovenia) have already begun negotiation for accession . All ten countries have Association agreements with the EU, which have liberalised most trade in...