This paper analyzes an irreversible “where-and-when” investment decision, in which a govern- ment must decide not only when to invest in income-increasing infrastructure but also where to make the investment, doing so under imperfect observability of the investment gains. The two models...

In this paper, we ask how antitrust immunity subject to a carve- out affects collusion incentives in international airline alliances. We show that the gains from economies of density due to higher interline traffic under the alliance strengthen the incentive to collude on the interhub route,...