Biofuels have received a lot of attention as a substitute for gasoline in transportation. They have been blamed universally for recent increases in world food prices. Both the United States and the European Union have adopted mandatory blending policies that require a sharp increase in their...

We investigate carbon emission trends among EU Member States by testing the assumption of beta-type convergence for per capita CO2 emissions, conditional upon per capita output and energy use. We find that the emission growth/income relation is strictly negative, indicating that EU-15 countries...

Many countries have adopted energy policies that promote biofuels as a substitute for gasoline in transportation. For instance, more than 40% of U.S. grain is now used for energy and this share is expected to rise under the current Renewable Fuels Mandate. This paper examines the distributional...