When materials offshoring is measured by estimating imported intermediate inputs, a common assumption used is that an … the 3-digit I-O industry level, there is a correlation of 0.68 between the offshoring shares made with and without the …

multi-product firms, offshoring, intra-firm trade and firm export market dynamics …

relative to non-exporters. Employment, shipments and capital intensity are all higher at exporters at any given moment. This … exporters. The benefits of exporting for the firm are less clear. Employment" growth and the probability of survival are both …

' employment from the Census Bureau's business register to examine wholesalers and retailers in U.S. exports and imports. Exporters … and importers with 100 percent employment in wholesale and retail differ from pure "producer and consumer" trading firms … along a number of dimensions: they are smaller in terms of employment, trade value and domestic sales, operate fewer U …

import from related parties, dominate U.S. trade flows and employment at trading firms. We also find that firms that begin … trading between 1993 and 2000 experience especially rapid employment growth and are a major force in overall job creation …

from 1977 to 1997. Both employment and output growth are slower for plants that face higher levels of low wage import …