We collect data on operations, targets and human resources management practices in over 1,800 schools educating 15-year …-olds in eight countries. Overall, we show that higher management quality is strongly associated with better educational … outcomes. The UK, Sweden, Canada and the US obtain the highest management scores closely followed by Germany, with a gap to …

hospitals in a geographical area. We find that higher competition is positively correlated with management quality, measured … using a new survey tool. Adding a rival hospital increases management quality by 0.4 standard deviations and increases … "hidden policies" that could be used in marginal districts to improve hospital management. We also run placebo tests of …