patent applications. The basic assumption is that the effect of entry varies by geographical distance between entrants and …

We study how the market for innovation affects enforcement of patent rights. Conventional wisdom associates the gains … from trade with comparative advantage in manufacturing or marketing. We show that these gains imply that patent … transactions should increase litigation risk. We identify a new source of gains from trade, comparative advantage in patent …

Cumulative innovation is central to economic growth. Do patent rights facilitate or impede follow-on innovation? We … study the causal effect of removing patent rights by court invalidation on subsequent research related to the focal patent … Circuit to control for endogeneity of patent invalidation. Patent invalidation leads to a 50 percent increase in citations to …

This paper studies how patent rights and price regulation affect how fast new drugs are launched in different countries … duration and content of patent and price control regimes. Price regulation strongly delays launch, while longer and more … extensive patent protection accelerates it. Health policy institutions, and economic and demographic factors that make markets …

We study how fragmentation of patent rights ('patent thickets') and the formation of the Court of Appeal for the … Federal Circuit (CAFC) affected the duration of patent disputes, and thus the speed of technology diffusion through licensing …. We develop a model of patent litigation which predicts faster settlement agreements when patent rights are fragmented and …

software industry. We focus on two key aspects: patent portfolio size which affects bargaining power in patent disputes, and … the fragmentation of patent rights (.patent thickets.) which increases the transaction costs of enforcement. We develop a …