While there are many published economic evaluations of health care, few allow the reader to understand the practice of costing health care programmes. The aim of this document is to fill this gap. In the document, the principles of how to cost health care for economic evaluation are outlined....

Australia is a federation of states, which provides its residents with universal access to health care and has managed to control total health care expenditure to around 8.4% of GDP in 1996/97. This has not only been achieved through a strong centrally funded health care system, but Australia...

This brief methods paper explains how to use the NSW Government Health Costs of Care Standards to estimate the cost of presentations to emergency departments (ED) in NSW. We begin with a discussion of the allocation of presentations according to visit type, triage category and mode of separation...

Many countries, including Australia, regulate the price consumers pay for pharmaceuticals. In this paper, the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) is modelled as a multi-stage game played between the regulator and pharmaceutical firms. Conditions are derived under which vertically...

The development of new genetic technology brings with it responsibility for evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of testing programs, including gaining an understanding of the value of information. This study examined the factors individuals took into account when making decisions about...

The research evidence on the relationships between patient throughput and costs and outcomes indicate that, for cardiac and vascular surgery, outcomes are better in units with high rates of patient activity. However, the gains to increasing throughput are most substantial at rates of activity...

The use of Stated Preference Discrete Choice Modelling (SPDCM) is gaining currency in the health economics field as a method of eliciting: preferences for goods and services; the rate at which individuals are prepared to trade off different attributes of a good or service; and the willingness to...

Objectives: The Medicare Safety Net Policy was introduced in March 2004 to provide financial relief for those Australians who face high out-of-pocket (OOP) costs for outpatient medical services. This study evaluates the extent to which out-of-pocket costs have fallen since the introduction of...

This discussion paper provides an introduction to the estimation of benefits in economic evaluation. The concept of benefits, as something worth making a sacrifice to obtain, is explained. The issue of what the benefits of health care is discussed. Methods for the identification of benefits are...

Limits on health care resources mean that resource allocation decisions should be guided by considerations of costs in relation to benefits. A method of economic evaluation, (cost utility analysis) was used to evaluate the costs and benefits of a physiotherapy outpatients department. The quality...