This paper tracks the development of the automotive industry (excluding motorcycles) since the 1970s, with major emphasis on the 1980s and 1990s. This paper also distinguishes three distinct parts of the industry: sedan (where the major problems are), commercial vehicles (where the problems are...

This paper evaluates whether a general shift in trade patterns towards East Asian markets has occurred in ASEAN automotive exports. It also examines whether ASEAN countries experienced export gains or lost their market share in their respective markets. Using trade data from PCTAS, the paper...

Against the popular perception that the New Order economic policymaking was subservient to the interests of capital and oriented towards the market, empirical analysis suggests that economic policymaking of the era was indeed centralistic and state-centered. While capital owners could influence...

This paper examines problems and policies in regard to energy development under regional autonomy, distributions - in the sense of distributional or equity issues, poverty alleviation, subsidies, and corporate social responsibilities. The paper examines the problem from a simplified perspective,...