This paper analyzes the macroeconomic effects of changes in the intensity of product market competition. The focus is on the interaction between imperfect competition in product markets and bargaining in the labor market. The main result is that, while a uniform intensification of product market...

In 19th century France, the long working hours produced worse conditions for the working classes. In our perspective, and that is new, the labour market produced massive externalities which it could not control. In our view, and it is the purpose of this paper, the analysis of the process of...

This paper emphasises an underestimated hypothesis -health considerations- explaining the reduction of working time in the 19th century in France. The first part is devoted to the rising wage and the declining health. In the second part, we show that the deterioration of living conditions was a...

Ce papier s'appuie sur des observations faites à plusieurs années d'intervalle dans un établissement de la RATP où une règle salariale a été introduite. Dans une première partie, nous montrons que la question pertinente n'est pas de savoir si la règle est suivie, mais comment les...