This report analyzes reduced-from credit risk models, and reviews the three main approaches to incorporate credit risk correlation among firms within the framework of reduced models. The first approach, conditionally independent defaults (CID) models, introduces credit risk dependence of the...

This paper presents a dynamic model of banking supervision to analyze the impact of each of Basell II three pillars on banks’ risk taking. We extend previous literature providing an analysis of ratings-based supervisory policies. In Pillar 2 (supervisory review) the supervisor audits more...

This report reviews the structural approach for credit risk modelling, both considering the case of a single firm and the case with default dependences between firms. In the single firm case, we review the Merton (1974) model and first passage models, examining their main characteristics and...

In recent years, some papers hav tried to bridge the gap between the two main approaches in credit risk modelling: structural and reduced form models. Based on incomplete information versions of standard structural models, they are able to obtain reduced form models in which the intensity of...

This paper analyzes the determinants of regulatory capital (the minimum required by regulation) and economic capital (the capital that shareholders would choose in absence of regulation) in the context of the single risk factor model that underlies the New Basel Capital Accord (Basel II). The...

We document that the fraction of entrepreneurs who work in the region where they were born is significantly higher than the corresponding fraction for dependent workers. This difference is more pronounced in more developed regions and positively related to the degree of local financial...

In this article we queantify the aggregate, distributional and welfare consequences of two revenue neutral flat-tax reforms using a model economy that replicates the U.S. distributions of earnings, income and wealth in very much detail. We find that the less progressive reform brings about a 2.4...

We analyze how the financial conditions of the firm affect the compensation structure of workers, the size of the firm, and its dynamics. Firms that are financially constrained offer long-term wage contracts characterized by an increasing wage profile, that is,they pay lower wages today in...

Why are new financial instruments created? Why are they needed and what purpose do they serve? This paper proposes the view that financial development arises as a response to the contractual needs of emerging technologies. Exogenous technological progress generates a demand for new financial...

We propose new approaches to test for spanning in the return and stochastic discount factor mean-variance frontiers, which assess if either the centred or uncentred mean and cost representing portfolios are shared by the initial and extended sets of assets. We show that our proposed tests are...