MAcMap-HS6 est une base qui fournit une mesure cohérente de l’équivalent ad valorem des droits de douane et des contingents tarifaires pour 163 pays et 208 partenaires, au niveau à six chiffres du Système Harmonisé (5,111 produits), en tenant compte de tous les accords préférentiels...

According to World Trade Organization rules, countries may adopt regulations under the Agreements on Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). We analyze the structure of these measures in agricultural trade. The inventory approach suggests that European countries...

Competitiveness has come to the forefront of the policy debate within the European Union, focusing on price competitiveness and intra-EU imbalances. But how to measure competitiveness properly, beyond price or cost competitiveness, remains an open methodological issue; and how can we explain the...