can affect the decision to join a trade union. Furthermore, a shift in risk attitudes can alter collective bargaining … that an overall increase in risk aversion contributes to wage moderation and promotes employment. …

Various taxes influence wage and employment outcomes in efficiency wage models. These findings are extended by … incorporating more comprehensive tax functions, additional tax parameters, union-firm wage bargaining, and balanced budget …, holding constant the level of taxes, reduce wages and increase employment. Higher level of taxes on income, labour cost and …

We present a model consistent with the stylized fact that "rigid Europe" has witnessed higher unemployment and a more …