technologies or sectors (inter-sectoral spillovers), or at the international level. We find that innovation is strongly driven by … knowledge spillovers, especially those occurring at the national level. Wind and solar technologies exhibit distinct innovation … only influential in the case of wind technology. We also find evidence that public R&D stimulates innovation, particularly …

1999-2004 and measure innovation performance by the (value-adjusted) number of patent applications at the European Patent … firms as well as immobile workers on the innovation performance of their employer. Our main result is that mobile university … scientists contribute substantially more to innovation than R&D workers hired from other firms who, in turn, contribute slightly …