The European Union's strategy to raise employment is confronted with very low work participation among many minority … and host country ethnicity to explain that deficit. It introduces a two-dimensional understanding of ethnic identity, as a … immigrants. Using unique German survey data, the paper identifies marked gender differences in the effects of ethnic …

The European Union’s strategy to raise employment is confronted with very low work participation among many minority … and host country ethnicity to explain that deficit. It introduces a two-dimensional understanding of ethnic identity, as a … immigrants. Using unique German survey data, the paper identifies marked gender differences in the effects of ethnic …

for males and females separately, and controlling for pre- and post-migration characteristics. We find strong gender …

males and females separately, and controlling for pre- and post-migration characteristics. We find strong gender differences …

from the home country affect the decision to work of immigrants in Italy, using the National Survey of Households with … gender role model. Controlling for a number of individual and household characteristics, we show that participation in the …