Nieswand, Maria; Walter, Matthias - DIW Berlin (Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung) - 2010
Subsidies are considered important means to facilitate the provision of public transit, yet the empirical evidence … impacts of deficit-balancing subsidies on the cost inefficiency of local public bus companies in Germany, where a complex …. Subsidies directly enter the inefficiency function as a heteroscedastic variable. We find a positive effect of subsidies on the …