structure with one firm choosing higher investments. While access regulation imposed on the dominant firm leads to lower prices … network effects leading to potentially increased demand, regulation can substantially lower aggregate social welfare …

This paper compares the outcomes of corporate self-regulation and traditional ex-ante regulation of network access to … monopolistic bottlenecks. In the model of self-regulation, the domestic gas supplier and network owner and the monopsonistic gas …-ante regulation. We find that while industrial self-regulation leads to an exploitation of households, the effect on the foreign …

introduce regulatory lags in the model. A systematic comparison between the results of traditional yardstick regulation and … modified yardstick regulation is carried out. Finally, we discuss the applicability of the mechanism. …

analyses, which were based on simplifying assumptions. We show that a combined merchant-regulatory regulation, which draws on a …