This paper shows that the welfare dominance of ad valorem over unit taxes under imperfect competition, extends to the …

also implies that there may exist a positive bilateral tariff that maximizes national and world welfare. Applying one of … that are heterogeneous across firms, we find that the reciprocal reduction of small tariffs reduces welfare. …

. Our main result is that network effects create a fundamental conflict between the maximization of social welfare and … welfare is highest in the asymmetric equilibrium. We also show that both consumer surplus and social welfare are higher in any …

outperform unit taxes in terms of welfare for a wide range of imperfect competition settings, including Dixit … industry, less output per firm, less tax revenue, but higher welfare compared to ad valorem taxes. …

setting the two policy instruments have different welfare effects. For a strong green policy (a severe reduction of the dirty …

probability of expecting economic recovery. The effect of conflict on general welfare however is less robust. …

confined to men. In particular, administrative data from public pension systems are less reliable for women because of the … analyze a large data set from the German public pension scheme on women who died between 1994 and 2005, employing both non …-parametric and parametric methods. To overcome the problem mentioned above we concentrate on women with relatively long earnings …

This paper explores the use of informal credit as a strategy for managing risks by market women in northern Ghana. A …. Based on qualitative data, the analysis reveals that market women invest a considerable amount of time in maintaining … high transaction costs and prevents market women from growing out of poverty in the long term. …