shows that firms that increased material inputs relative to internal labor costs performed better in terms of gross … operating surplus than other firms. However, firms that increased external services relative to internal labor costs, thus … outsourcing service functions previously provided within the firm, performed worse. In sum, our findings support the view that …

This paper presents an empirical analysis of "outsourcing" using establishment level data for UK manufacturing … industries. We analyse an establishment's decision to outsource and the subsequent effects of outsourcing on the establishment …'s productivity. We compare outsourcing in domestic with foreign-owned establishments. Our empirical results suggest that high wages …

competitiveness measured by unit labor costs, using a rich, newly built, data set of German manufacturing enterprises. The analysis is …

that electronic procurement increases market transparency, lowers search and supplier switching costs and improves the … a reduction of market transaction costs and, as a result, opens up new possibilities in terms of how business activities …