This paper proposes a dynamic life cycle model of health risks, employment, early retirement, and wealth accumulation … in order to analyze the health-related risks of consumption and old age poverty. In particular, the model includes a … health process, the interaction between health and employment risks, and an explicit modeling of the German public insurance …

As part of the Statutory Health Insurance Modernization Act a co-payment of €10 per quarter for the first contact at a … consolidation of the Statutory Health Insurance the co-payment aimed at changing the patients' behaviour towards more … physician contacts still take place e.g. in case of disabled persons and persons with poor health. In addition no discrimination …

habits proved stronger in states that had more strict smoking bans. Public smoking bans, therefore, have important health …This paper investigates the short-term effects of public smoking bans on individual smoking behavior. In 2007 and 2008 …, state-level smoking bans were gradually introduced in all of Germany's sixteen federal states. We exploit this variation in …

Using a sample of Europeans aged 50+ from twelve countries in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe … (SHARE) we analyse the role of poor material conditions as a determinant of changes in health over a four-year period. We … find that poverty defined with respect to relative incomes has no effect on changes in health. However, broader measures of …