While there are suggestions in applied cartel studies that price dispersion changes when cartelization of a market … the link between overt collusion and price dispersion. Formal theories and observation of cartel behavior suggest that …

and the near absence of fines in most Asian jurisdictions. Without significant increases in cartel detection, in the …

cartel sales and overcharges totaled about $1.2 trillion and $500 billion, respectively. In the early 2000s, about 35 such … international cartelists. World wide, median real cartel penalties of all types amounted to less than 5% of overcharges. [See …

convicted global cartel wholly outside U.S. territory. Because of ineffective antitrust enforcement in its home country …, Empagran and similarly situated buyers favor having this right, whereas Roche and 19 other members of the vitamins cartel … from future cartel injuries. Territorial expansion will also increase the probability of discovery of clandestine cartels …