Interest in establishing nationally uniform certification, labeling, and management standards for organic products grew out of concern that the existence of multiple standards led to consumer and supply chain confusion about, and lack of confidence in, these products. The National Organic...

Using the case of shade-grown coffee, this paper examines the market impacts of ?eco-labels? for credence attributes. First, the Mattoo and Singh (1994) test is conducted for the case of shade-grown coffee to investigate the market impacts of a shade label. This analysis in Section II shows that...

Orange juice began as a branded product in the 1950s, but private and packer labels son became dominant. Brands gained share during the 1980s with the introduction of a third national brand and the growth of chilled juice. The large number of packer labels makes brand and private label share...

This research examines the behavior of manufacturers and retailers in the presence of merchandising allowances. Merchandising allowances are fees manufacturers pay retailers to encourage them to allocate certain in-store promotional activities to the manufacturers' brand. According to estimates,...