We introduce a multivariate GARCH model that incorporates realized measures of volatility and covolatility. The realized measures extract information about the current level of volatility and covolatility from high-frequency data, which is particularly useful for the modeling of return...

We establish the equivalence between a commonly used out-of-sample test of equal predictive accuracy and the difference between two Wald statistics. This equivalence greatly simplifies the computational burden of calculating recursive out-of-sample tests and evaluating their critical values. Our...

Out-of-sample tests of forecast performance depend on how a given data set is split into estimation and evaluation periods, yet no guidance exists on how to choose the split point. Empirical forecast evaluation results can therefore be di cult to interpret, particularly when several values of...