-directional causality between money and income. When we apply Granger Causality tests we find that income Granger causes money. The … causality disappears when we add interest rates. Next when we use an Error Correction Model the results of the traditional … Granger causality tests hold true in the bivariate system. But, we observe bi-causality under longer lag specifications, and …

different since many factors can affect the existence and direction of this causality. This paper looks at a bivariate VAR and … takes into consideration any instability in the model using bootstrap rolling Granger non-causality tests. Full …-sample Granger causality tests report no causal relationship between the two variables. Moreover, parameter stability tests detect …

The literature on causality takes contradictory stands regarding the direction of causal relationships based on whether …

, the causality between consumption and both forms of wealth is bi-directional in the long-run, which contrasts the … unidirectional causality running from wealth to consumption in the short run. …

autoregressive distributed lag specification that also accommodates for error-correction. Results from Granger-causality tests reveal … the existence of a bi-directional causality between real house prices and real per capita personal income over both long …

series. Thus, in this study, both linear and nonparametric cointegration and Granger Causality tests were conducted utilizing … between house and stock prices. At the same time, the linear Granger causality test produced no evidence of causality running …-run one-to-one relationship between the two series, with the nonparametric Granger causality test, in addition, indicating a …

This paper applies the causality test in the frequency domain, developed by Breitung and Candelon (2006), to analyze … time domain Granger causality test fails to reject the null hypothesis that sunspot numbers does not cause global … temperatures for both full and sub-samples (identified based on tests of structural breaks), the frequency domain causality test …

markets to energy markets after the crisis. In contrast, the Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test indicates causality from oil …

studies examining the causality direction between energy (electricity) consumption and economic growth have failed to reach a … from 2007 and outline recent forecasts for electricity demand. The results of this review aim to identify gaps in the … the country. On the other side, the studies looking at the factor affecting energy (electricity) demand have agreed that …